Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells express and respond to a broad range of TLRs. Accumulating
evidences suggest that TLRs act as double-edged sword in MM biology. Indeed, TLR9 or
TLR3 ligands could enhance immunity against MM cells or directly induce cell apoptosis,
whereas various TLR agonists could induce MM survival, proliferation, and immune escape.
This review is focused on the heterogeneous expression and function of TLRs in MM and on
the potential implication of TLR ligands of infectious or endogenous origin in MM …